diff --git a/backend/routes/mikrotikBackupRoutes.js b/backend/routes/mikrotikBackupRoutes.js
index a1268ea..b06b556 100644
--- a/backend/routes/mikrotikBackupRoutes.js
+++ b/backend/routes/mikrotikBackupRoutes.js
@@ -280,9 +280,16 @@ async function runBackupNow(req, res) {
       s3,
     });
   } catch (error) {
-    console.error('runBackupNow error:', error);
-    const msg = error?.message || 'Error running backup now';
-    return sendError(res, 500, msg, 'E_BACKUP_RUN');
+    console.error('runBackupNow error:', error?.message, error?.stack, error?.response?.data);
+    let msg = error?.message || 'Error running backup now';
+    const detail = error?.response?.data;
+    if (detail && typeof detail === 'object') {
+      const d = detail.detail || detail.message;
+      if (d) msg += ` (${d})`;
+    } else if (typeof detail === 'string') {
+      msg += ` (${detail})`;
+    }
+    return sendError(res, 500, msg, 'E_BACKUP_RUN', process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' ? { stack: error?.stack } : undefined);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/backend/services/mikrotikApplyService.js b/backend/services/mikrotikApplyService.js
index 1640b9d..5feab9b 100644
--- a/backend/services/mikrotikApplyService.js
+++ b/backend/services/mikrotikApplyService.js
@@ -355,68 +355,80 @@ async function applyBlock(client, block, dryRun) {
 async function fetchExportViaFile(client) {
   const crypto = require('crypto');
   const basename = `backup_${Date.now()}_${crypto.randomBytes(4).toString('hex')}.rsc`;
+  // Явно указываем flash/ — экспорт сохраняется в flash
+  const filePath = `flash/${basename}`;
 
-  await client.command('export', { compact: '', file: basename });
-
-  // REST API: file/print — пробуем GET с query в URL (некоторые версии ожидают это)
-  const qs = `?.proplist=.id,name,contents&name=${encodeURIComponent(basename)}`;
-  let printRes = await client.print(`file/print${qs}`);
-  let data = printRes?.data;
-  let list = Array.isArray(data) ? data : (data ? [data] : []);
-
-  // Если по name в URL не нашли — пробуем POST с .query в body
-  if (list.length === 0) {
-    printRes = await client.command('file/print', {
-      '.proplist': ['.id', 'name', 'contents'],
-      '.query': [`name=${basename}`],
-    });
-    data = printRes?.data;
-    list = Array.isArray(data) ? data : (data ? [data] : []);
+  try {
+    await client.command('export', { compact: '', file: filePath });
+  } catch (err) {
+    // Попробуем без flash/ — старые версии RouterOS могут сохранять иначе
+    try {
+      await client.command('export', { compact: '', file: basename });
+    } catch (err2) {
+      const msg = err?.message || err2?.message || String(err);
+      const detail = err?.response?.data || err2?.response?.data;
+      console.error('[fetchExportViaFile] export failed:', msg, detail);
+      throw new Error(`Export failed: ${msg}${detail ? ` (${JSON.stringify(detail).slice(0, 200)})` : ''}`);
+    }
   }
 
-  // Если всё ещё пусто — печатаем все файлы и ищем по имени вручную
-  if (list.length === 0) {
-    printRes = await client.command('file/print', {
+  // POST file/print — получаем все файлы и ищем по имени (надёжнее GET с query)
+  let list = [];
+  try {
+    const printRes = await client.command('file/print', {
       '.proplist': ['.id', 'name', 'contents'],
     });
-    data = printRes?.data;
-    list = Array.isArray(data) ? data : (data ? [data] : []);
-    const found = list.find(
+    const data = printRes?.data;
+    const raw = Array.isArray(data) ? data : (data ? [data] : []);
+    const found = raw.find(
       (f) =>
         (f.name || '') === basename ||
+        (f.name || '') === filePath ||
         (f.name || '').endsWith('/' + basename) ||
         (f.name || '').endsWith(basename),
     );
     if (found) list = [found];
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error('[fetchExportViaFile] file/print failed:', err?.message, err?.response?.data);
+    throw new Error(`file/print failed: ${err?.message || String(err)}`);
   }
 
   const file = list[0];
   if (!file) {
-    throw new Error('Failed to read export file from MikroTik (file not found after export)');
+    throw new Error('Export file not found after export (check write permissions on router)');
   }
 
   let config = String(file.contents || '');
 
-  // Для файлов >60KB API не возвращает contents в print — читаем через /file/read чанками
+  // Для файлов >60KB API не возвращает contents в print — читаем через file/read
   if (!config && file.name) {
     const chunkSize = 32768;
     let offset = 0;
     const chunks = [];
-    for (;;) {
-      const readRes = await client.command('file/read', {
-        file: file.name,
-        offset: String(offset),
-        'chunk-size': String(chunkSize),
-      });
-      const rd = readRes?.data;
-      const chunk = Array.isArray(rd) ? (rd[0]?.data ?? rd[0]) : (rd?.data ?? rd);
-      const str = typeof chunk === 'string' ? chunk : (chunk ? String(chunk) : '');
-      if (!str) break;
-      chunks.push(str);
-      offset += str.length;
-      if (str.length < chunkSize) break;
+    try {
+      for (;;) {
+        const readRes = await client.command('file/read', {
+          file: file.name,
+          offset: String(offset),
+          'chunk-size': String(chunkSize),
+        });
+        const rd = readRes?.data;
+        const chunk = Array.isArray(rd) ? (rd[0]?.data ?? rd[0]) : (rd?.data ?? rd);
+        const str = typeof chunk === 'string' ? chunk : (chunk ? String(chunk) : '');
+        if (!str) break;
+        chunks.push(str);
+        offset += str.length;
+        if (str.length < chunkSize) break;
+      }
+      config = chunks.join('');
+    } catch (err) {
+      console.error('[fetchExportViaFile] file/read failed:', err?.message);
+      try {
+        const id = file['.id'];
+        if (id) await client.remove(`file/${id}`);
+      } catch (_) {}
+      throw new Error(`file/read failed: ${err?.message || String(err)}`);
     }
-    config = chunks.join('');
   }
 
   if (!config) {
@@ -424,7 +436,7 @@ async function fetchExportViaFile(client) {
       const id = file['.id'];
       if (id) await client.remove(`file/${id}`);
     } catch (_) {}
-    throw new Error('Failed to read export file from MikroTik (file/print and file/read returned no contents)');
+    throw new Error('File/print and file/read returned no contents (router may restrict file access)');
   }
 
   try {