diff --git a/testing/scripts/build-certs-chroot b/testing/scripts/build-certs-chroot
index 161139f04..0cafb99ce 100755
--- a/testing/scripts/build-certs-chroot
+++ b/testing/scripts/build-certs-chroot
@@ -733,8 +733,8 @@ mkdir -p ${TEST}/hosts/alice/${SWANCTL_DIR}/x509
cp ${TEST_KEY} ${TEST}/hosts/alice/${SWANCTL_DIR}/rsa
cp ${TEST_CERT} ${TEST}/hosts/alice/${SWANCTL_DIR}/x509
-# Put a copy into the ha/active-passive and swanctl/redirect-active scenarios
-for t in ha/active-passive ikev2/redirect-active
+# Put a copy into the ha/active-passive, ha/active-passive-multi-ke and swanctl/redirect-active scenarios
+for t in ha/active-passive ha/active-passive-multi-ke ikev2/redirect-active
do
TEST="${TEST_DIR}/${t}"
for h in alice moon
diff --git a/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/description.txt b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/description.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..750048073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/description.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+The roadwarriors carol and dave set up a connection each using
+multiple key exchanges to the virtual gateway mars implemented by the
+two real gateways alice and moon in a High Availability
+(HA) setup based on ClusterIP. The HA synchronization link between the
+two gateways is secured by an IPsec transport connection. At the outset
+alice is the active and moon is the passive gateway.
+After alice gets killed moon automatically takes over
+all existing IKE_SAs and CHILD_SAs.
diff --git a/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/evaltest.dat b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/evaltest.dat
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb872f94c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/evaltest.dat
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+alice::cat /var/log/daemon.log::HA segment 1 was not handled, taking::YES
+moon:: cat /var/log/daemon.log::remote node takes segment 1::YES
+alice::swanctl --list-sas --ike-id 1 --raw 2> /dev/null::ha.*version=2 state=ESTABLISHED local-host=10.1.0.10 local-port=500 local-id=10.1.0.10 remote-host=10.1.0.1 remote-port=500 remote-id=10.1.0.1.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=ECP_256.*child-sas.*ha.*reqid=1 state=INSTALLED mode=TRANSPORT.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[10.1.0.10/32\[icmp] 10.1.0.10/32\[udp/4510]] remote-ts=\[10.1.0.1/32\[icmp] 10.1.0.1/32\[udp/4510]]::YES
+alice::swanctl --list-sas --ike-id 2 --raw 2> /dev/null::ha.*version=2 state=ESTABLISHED local-host=10.1.0.10 local-port=500 local-id=10.1.0.10 remote-host=10.1.0.1 remote-port=500 remote-id=10.1.0.1.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=ECP_256.*child-sas.*ha.*reqid=1 state=INSTALLED mode=TRANSPORT.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[10.1.0.10/32\[icmp] 10.1.0.10/32\[udp/4510]] remote-ts=\[10.1.0.1/32\[icmp] 10.1.0.1/32\[udp/4510]]::YES
+alice::swanctl --list-sas --ike-id 3 --raw 2> /dev/null::rw.*version=2 state=ESTABLISHED local-host=192.168.0.5 local-port=4500 local-id=mars.strongswan.org remote-host=192.168.0.100 remote-port=4500 remote-id=carol@strongswan.org.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=CURVE_25519 ake1=MODP_4096 ake3=ML_KEM_768.*child-sas.*net.*reqid=2 state=INSTALLED mode=TUNNEL.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[10.1.0.0/16] remote-ts=\[192.168.0.100/32]::YES
+alice::swanctl --list-sas --ike-id 4 --raw 2> /dev/null::rw.*version=2 state=ESTABLISHED local-host=192.168.0.5 local-port=4500 local-id=mars.strongswan.org remote-host=192.168.0.200 remote-port=4500 remote-id=dave@strongswan.org.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=CURVE_25519 ake1=MODP_4096.*child-sas.*net.*reqid=3 state=INSTALLED mode=TUNNEL.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[10.1.0.0/16] remote-ts=\[192.168.0.200/32]::YES
+moon::swanctl --list-sas --ike-id 1 --raw 2> /dev/null::ha.*version=2 state=ESTABLISHED local-host=10.1.0.1 local-port=500 local-id=10.1.0.1 remote-host=10.1.0.10 remote-port=500 remote-id=10.1.0.10.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=ECP_256.*child-sas.*ha.*reqid=1 state=INSTALLED mode=TRANSPORT.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[10.1.0.1/32\[icmp] 10.1.0.1/32\[udp/4510]] remote-ts=\[10.1.0.10/32\[icmp] 10.1.0.10/32\[udp/4510]]::YES
+moon::swanctl --list-sas --ike-id 2 --raw 2> /dev/null::ha.*version=2 state=ESTABLISHED local-host=10.1.0.1 local-port=500 local-id=10.1.0.1 remote-host=10.1.0.10 remote-port=500 remote-id=10.1.0.10.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=ECP_256.*child-sas.*ha.*reqid=1 state=INSTALLED mode=TRANSPORT.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[10.1.0.1/32\[icmp] 10.1.0.1/32\[udp/4510]] remote-ts=\[10.1.0.10/32\[icmp] 10.1.0.10/32\[udp/4510]]::YES
+moon ::swanctl --list-sas --ike-id 3 --raw 2> /dev/null::rw.*version=2 state=PASSIVE local-host=192.168.0.5 local-port=4500 local-id=mars.strongswan.org remote-host=192.168.0.100 remote-port=4500 remote-id=carol@strongswan.org.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=CURVE_25519 ake1=MODP_4096 ake3=ML_KEM_768.*child-sas.*net.*reqid=2 state=INSTALLED mode=TUNNEL.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[10.1.0.0/16] remote-ts=\[192.168.0.100/32]::YES
+moon ::swanctl --list-sas --ike-id 4 --raw 2> /dev/null::rw.*version=2 state=PASSIVE local-host=192.168.0.5 local-port=4500 local-id=mars.strongswan.org remote-host=192.168.0.200 remote-port=4500 remote-id=dave@strongswan.org.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=CURVE_25519 ake1=MODP_4096.*child-sas.*net.*reqid=3 state=INSTALLED mode=TUNNEL.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[10.1.0.0/16] remote-ts=\[192.168.0.200/32]::YES
+carol::swanctl --list-sas --raw 2> /dev/null::home.*version=2 state=ESTABLISHED local-host=192.168.0.100 local-port=4500 local-id=carol@strongswan.org remote-host=192.168.0.5 remote-port=4500 remote-id=mars.strongswan.org initiator=yes.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=CURVE_25519 ake1=MODP_4096.*child-sas.*home.*state=INSTALLED mode=TUNNEL.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[192.168.0.100/32] remote-ts=\[10.1.0.0/16]::YES
+dave:: swanctl --list-sas --raw 2> /dev/null::home.*version=2 state=ESTABLISHED local-host=192.168.0.200 local-port=4500 local-id=dave@strongswan.org remote-host=192.168.0.5 remote-port=4500 remote-id=mars.strongswan.org initiator=yes.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=CURVE_25519 ake1=MODP_4096.*child-sas.*home.*state=INSTALLED mode=TUNNEL.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[192.168.0.200/32] remote-ts=\[10.1.0.0/16]::YES
+alice::cat /var/log/daemon.log::HA segment 1 activated::YES
+alice::cat /var/log/daemon.log::handling HA CHILD_SA::YES
+moon:: cat /var/log/daemon.log::installed HA CHILD_SA::YES
+carol::ping -c 1 PH_IP_VENUS::64 bytes from PH_IP_VENUS: icmp_.eq=1::YES
+dave:: ping -c 1 PH_IP_VENUS::64 bytes from PH_IP_VENUS: icmp_.eq=1::YES
+alice::ip xfrm policy flush::no output expected::NO
+alice::ip xfrm state flush::no output expected::NO
+alice::systemctl kill -s SIGKILL strongswan::no output expected::NO
+carol::sleep 2::no output expected::NO
+moon:: cat /var/log/daemon.log::no heartbeat received, taking all segments::YES
+moon ::swanctl --list-sas --ike-id 3 --raw 2> /dev/null::rw.*version=2 state=ESTABLISHED local-host=192.168.0.5 local-port=4500 local-id=mars.strongswan.org remote-host=192.168.0.100 remote-port=4500 remote-id=carol@strongswan.org.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=CURVE_25519 ake1=MODP_4096.*child-sas.*net.*reqid=2 state=INSTALLED mode=TUNNEL.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[10.1.0.0/16] remote-ts=\[192.168.0.100/32]::YES
+moon ::swanctl --list-sas --ike-id 4 --raw 2> /dev/null::rw.*version=2 state=ESTABLISHED local-host=192.168.0.5 local-port=4500 local-id=mars.strongswan.org remote-host=192.168.0.200 remote-port=4500 remote-id=dave@strongswan.org.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=CURVE_25519 ake1=MODP_4096.*child-sas.*net.*reqid=3 state=INSTALLED mode=TUNNEL.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[10.1.0.0/16] remote-ts=\[192.168.0.200/32]::YES
+carol::ping -c 1 PH_IP_VENUS::64 bytes from PH_IP_VENUS: icmp_.eq=1::YES
+dave:: ping -c 1 PH_IP_VENUS::64 bytes from PH_IP_VENUS: icmp_.eq=1::YES
+carol::tcpdump::IP carol.strongswan.org > mars.strongswan.org: ESP::YES
+carol::tcpdump::IP mars.strongswan.org > carol.strongswan.org: ESP::YES
+dave::tcpdump::IP dave.strongswan.org > mars.strongswan.org: ESP::YES
+dave::tcpdump::IP mars.strongswan.org > dave.strongswan.org: ESP::YES
+venus::tcpdump::IP carol.strongswan.org > venus.strongswan.org: ICMP echo request::YES
+venus::tcpdump::IP venus.strongswan.org > carol.strongswan.org: ICMP echo reply::YES
+venus::tcpdump::IP dave.strongswan.org > venus.strongswan.org: ICMP echo request::YES
+venus::tcpdump::IP venus.strongswan.org > dave.strongswan.org: ICMP echo reply::YES
diff --git a/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/alice/etc/iptables.rules b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/alice/etc/iptables.rules
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..873578632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/alice/etc/iptables.rules
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+*filter
+
+# default policy is DROP
+-P INPUT DROP
+-P OUTPUT DROP
+-P FORWARD DROP
+
+# forward ESP-tunneled traffic
+-A FORWARD -i eth1 -m policy --dir in --pol ipsec --proto esp -s PH_IP_CAROL -j ACCEPT
+-A FORWARD -i eth1 -m policy --dir in --pol ipsec --proto esp -s PH_IP_DAVE -j ACCEPT
+-A FORWARD -o eth1 -m policy --dir out --pol ipsec --proto esp -j ACCEPT
+
+# clusterip rules
+-A INPUT -i eth1 -d 192.168.0.5 -j CLUSTERIP --new --hashmode sourceip --clustermac 01:00:c0:a8:00:05 --total-nodes 1 --local-node 0
+-A INPUT -i eth0 -d 10.1.0.5 -j CLUSTERIP --new --hashmode sourceip --clustermac 01:00:0a:01:00:05 --total-nodes 1 --local-node 0
+
+# allow esp
+-A INPUT -p 50 -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -p 50 -d PH_IP_CAROL -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -p 50 -d PH_IP_DAVE -j ACCEPT
+
+# allow esp on internal interface
+-A OUTPUT -o eth0 -s PH_IP_ALICE -d PH_IP_MOON1 -p 50 -j ACCEPT
+
+# allow IKE on internal interface
+-A INPUT -i eth0 -d PH_IP_ALICE -s PH_IP_MOON1 -p udp --sport 500 --dport 500 -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -o eth0 -s PH_IP_ALICE -d PH_IP_MOON1 -p udp --dport 500 --sport 500 -j ACCEPT
+
+# allow IKE
+-A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp --sport 500 --dport 500 -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -o eth1 -p udp --dport 500 --sport 500 -j ACCEPT
+
+# allow MobIKE
+-A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp --sport 4500 --dport 4500 -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -o eth1 -p udp --dport 4500 --sport 4500 -j ACCEPT
+
+# allow crl fetch from winnetou
+-A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp --sport 80 -s PH_IP_WINNETOU -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -o eth1 -p tcp --dport 80 -d PH_IP_WINNETOU -j ACCEPT
+
+# allow heartbeat
+-A INPUT -i eth0 -d PH_IP_ALICE -s PH_IP_MOON1 -p udp --dport 4510 --sport 4510 -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -o eth0 -s PH_IP_ALICE -d PH_IP_MOON1 -p udp --dport 4510 --sport 4510 -j ACCEPT
+
+# allow ICMP type 3
+-A INPUT -i eth0 -d PH_IP_ALICE -s PH_IP_MOON1 -p icmp --icmp-type 3 -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -o eth0 -s PH_IP_ALICE -d PH_IP_MOON1 -p icmp --icmp-type 3 -j ACCEPT
+
+# allow IGMP multicasts
+-A INPUT -d 224.0.0.1 -p igmp -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -s 224.0.0.1 -p igmp -j ACCEPT
+
+# allow ssh
+-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 22 -j ACCEPT
+
+COMMIT
diff --git a/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/alice/etc/strongswan.conf b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/alice/etc/strongswan.conf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f57ee9d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/alice/etc/strongswan.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# /etc/strongswan.conf - strongSwan configuration file
+
+charon-systemd {
+ load = random nonce openssl pem pkcs1 curl revocation vici kernel-netlink socket-default ha ml
+
+ plugins {
+ ha {
+ local = PH_IP_ALICE
+ remote = PH_IP_MOON1
+ secret = PliyxREnfoPaSXDJx1NrlH0kkKXT/LWZ
+ segment_count = 1
+ fifo_interface = yes
+ monitor = yes
+ }
+ }
+}
+
diff --git a/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/alice/etc/swanctl/swanctl.conf b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/alice/etc/swanctl/swanctl.conf
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e80ee4289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/alice/etc/swanctl/swanctl.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+connections {
+
+ rw {
+ local_addrs = 192.168.0.5
+
+ local {
+ auth = pubkey
+ certs = marsCert.pem
+ id = mars.strongswan.org
+ }
+ remote {
+ auth = pubkey
+ }
+ children {
+ net {
+ local_ts = 10.1.0.0/16
+
+ updown = /usr/local/libexec/ipsec/_updown iptables
+ esp_proposals = aes128gcm128-x25519-ke1_modp4096-ke3_mlkem768-ke3_none
+ }
+ }
+ version = 2
+ proposals = aes128-sha256-x25519-ke1_modp4096-ke3_mlkem768-ke3_none
+ }
+}
diff --git a/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/carol/etc/strongswan.conf b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/carol/etc/strongswan.conf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53ec85794
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/carol/etc/strongswan.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# /etc/strongswan.conf - strongSwan configuration file
+
+charon-systemd {
+ load = random nonce openssl pem pkcs1 curl revocation vici kernel-netlink socket-default updown ml
+}
diff --git a/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/carol/etc/swanctl/swanctl.conf b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/carol/etc/swanctl/swanctl.conf
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5b18917cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/carol/etc/swanctl/swanctl.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+connections {
+
+ home {
+ local_addrs = 192.168.0.100
+ remote_addrs = 192.168.0.5
+
+ local {
+ auth = pubkey
+ certs = carolCert.pem
+ id = carol@strongswan.org
+ }
+ remote {
+ auth = pubkey
+ id = mars.strongswan.org
+ }
+ children {
+ home {
+ remote_ts = 10.1.0.0/16
+
+ updown = /usr/local/libexec/ipsec/_updown iptables
+ esp_proposals = aes128gcm128-x25519-ke1_modp4096-ke3_mlkem768
+ }
+ }
+ version = 2
+ proposals = aes128-sha256-x25519-ke1_modp4096-ke3_mlkem768
+ }
+}
diff --git a/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/dave/etc/strongswan.conf b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/dave/etc/strongswan.conf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e785a90cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/dave/etc/strongswan.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# /etc/strongswan.conf - strongSwan configuration file
+
+charon-systemd {
+ load = random nonce openssl pem pkcs1 curl revocation vici kernel-netlink socket-default updown
+}
+
diff --git a/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/dave/etc/swanctl/swanctl.conf b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/dave/etc/swanctl/swanctl.conf
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dc3ccf0fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/dave/etc/swanctl/swanctl.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+connections {
+
+ home {
+ local_addrs = 192.168.0.200
+ remote_addrs = 192.168.0.5
+
+ local {
+ auth = pubkey
+ certs = daveCert.pem
+ id = dave@strongswan.org
+ }
+ remote {
+ auth = pubkey
+ id = mars.strongswan.org
+ }
+ children {
+ home {
+ remote_ts = 10.1.0.0/16
+
+ updown = /usr/local/libexec/ipsec/_updown iptables
+ esp_proposals = aes128gcm128-x25519-ke1_modp4096
+ }
+ }
+ version = 2
+ proposals = aes128-sha256-x25519-ke1_modp4096
+ }
+}
diff --git a/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/moon/etc/iptables.rules b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/moon/etc/iptables.rules
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09df2225c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/moon/etc/iptables.rules
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+*filter
+
+# default policy is DROP
+-P INPUT DROP
+-P OUTPUT DROP
+-P FORWARD DROP
+
+# forward ESP-tunneled traffic
+-A FORWARD -m policy -i eth0 --dir in --pol ipsec --proto esp -s PH_IP_CAROL -j ACCEPT
+-A FORWARD -m policy -i eth0 --dir in --pol ipsec --proto esp -s PH_IP_DAVE -j ACCEPT
+-A FORWARD -m policy -o eth0 --dir out --pol ipsec --proto esp -j ACCEPT
+
+# clusterip rules
+-A INPUT -i eth0 -d 192.168.0.5 -j CLUSTERIP --new --hashmode sourceip --clustermac 01:00:c0:a8:00:05 --total-nodes 1 --local-node 0
+-A INPUT -i eth1 -d 10.1.0.5 -j CLUSTERIP --new --hashmode sourceip --clustermac 01:00:0a:01:00:05 --total-nodes 1 --local-node 0
+
+# allow esp
+-A INPUT -p 50 -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -p 50 -d PH_IP_CAROL -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -p 50 -d PH_IP_DAVE -j ACCEPT
+
+# allow esp on internal interface
+-A OUTPUT -o eth1 -s PH_IP_MOON1 -d PH_IP_ALICE -p 50 -j ACCEPT
+
+# allow IKE on internal interface
+-A INPUT -i eth1 -d PH_IP_MOON1 -s PH_IP_ALICE -p udp --sport 500 --dport 500 -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -o eth1 -s PH_IP_MOON1 -d PH_IP_ALICE -p udp --dport 500 --sport 500 -j ACCEPT
+
+# allow IKE
+-A INPUT -i eth0 -p udp --sport 500 --dport 500 -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p udp --dport 500 --sport 500 -j ACCEPT
+
+# allow MobIKE
+-A INPUT -i eth0 -p udp --sport 4500 --dport 4500 -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p udp --dport 4500 --sport 4500 -j ACCEPT
+
+# allow crl fetch from winnetou
+-A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --sport 80 -s PH_IP_WINNETOU -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -d PH_IP_WINNETOU -j ACCEPT
+
+# allow heartbeat
+-A INPUT -i eth1 -d PH_IP_MOON1 -s PH_IP_ALICE -p udp --dport 4510 --sport 4510 -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -o eth1 -s PH_IP_MOON1 -d PH_IP_ALICE -p udp --dport 4510 --sport 4510 -j ACCEPT
+
+# allow ICMP type 3
+-A INPUT -i eth1 -d PH_IP_MOON1 -s PH_IP_ALICE -p icmp --icmp-type 3 -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -o eth1 -s PH_IP_MOON1 -d PH_IP_ALICE -p icmp --icmp-type 3 -j ACCEPT
+
+# allow IGMP multicasts
+-A INPUT -d 224.0.0.1 -p igmp -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -s 224.0.0.1 -p igmp -j ACCEPT
+
+# allow ssh
+-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
+-A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 22 -j ACCEPT
+
+COMMIT
diff --git a/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/moon/etc/strongswan.conf b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/moon/etc/strongswan.conf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72bc21da7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/moon/etc/strongswan.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# /etc/strongswan.conf - strongSwan configuration file
+
+charon-systemd {
+ load = random nonce openssl pem pkcs1 curl revocation vici kernel-netlink socket-default ha ml
+
+ plugins {
+ ha {
+ local = PH_IP_MOON1
+ remote = PH_IP_ALICE
+ secret = PliyxREnfoPaSXDJx1NrlH0kkKXT/LWZ
+ segment_count = 1
+ fifo_interface = yes
+ monitor = yes
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/moon/etc/swanctl/swanctl.conf b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/moon/etc/swanctl/swanctl.conf
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e80ee4289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/hosts/moon/etc/swanctl/swanctl.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+connections {
+
+ rw {
+ local_addrs = 192.168.0.5
+
+ local {
+ auth = pubkey
+ certs = marsCert.pem
+ id = mars.strongswan.org
+ }
+ remote {
+ auth = pubkey
+ }
+ children {
+ net {
+ local_ts = 10.1.0.0/16
+
+ updown = /usr/local/libexec/ipsec/_updown iptables
+ esp_proposals = aes128gcm128-x25519-ke1_modp4096-ke3_mlkem768-ke3_none
+ }
+ }
+ version = 2
+ proposals = aes128-sha256-x25519-ke1_modp4096-ke3_mlkem768-ke3_none
+ }
+}
diff --git a/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/posttest.dat b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/posttest.dat
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e62d23ef5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/posttest.dat
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+carol::systemctl stop strongswan
+dave::systemctl stop strongswan
+moon::ip xfrm policy flush::no output expected::NO
+moon::ip xfrm state flush::no output expected::NO
+moon::systemctl kill -s SIGKILL strongswan::no output expected::NO
+moon::cd /etc/swanctl; rm rsa/marsKey.pem x509/marsCert.pem
+alice::cd /etc/swanctl; rm rsa/marsKey.pem x509/marsCert.pem
+moon::iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.flush
+alice::iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.flush
+carol::iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.flush
+dave::iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.flush
+moon::ip addr del 192.168.0.5/24 dev eth0
+moon::ip addr del 10.1.0.5/16 dev eth1
+alice::ip addr del 192.168.0.5/24 dev eth1
+alice::ip addr del 10.1.0.5/16 dev eth0
+alice::ifdown eth1
+venus::ip route del default via 10.1.0.5 dev eth0
+venus::ip route add default via 10.1.0.1 dev eth0
+alice::sed -i s/Restart=no/Restart=on-abnormal/ /lib/systemd/system/strongswan.service
+alice::systemctl daemon-reload
+moon::sed -i s/Restart=no/Restart=on-abnormal/ /lib/systemd/system/strongswan.service
+moon::systemctl daemon-reload
diff --git a/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/pretest.dat b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/pretest.dat
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf5eb8329
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/pretest.dat
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+alice::sed -i s/Restart=on-abnormal/Restart=no/ /lib/systemd/system/strongswan.service
+alice::systemctl daemon-reload
+moon::sed -i s/Restart=on-abnormal/Restart=no/ /lib/systemd/system/strongswan.service
+moon::systemctl daemon-reload
+moon::ip addr add 192.168.0.5/24 dev eth0
+moon::ip addr add 10.1.0.5/16 dev eth1
+alice::ifup eth1
+alice::ip addr add 192.168.0.5/24 dev eth1
+alice::ip addr add 10.1.0.5/16 dev eth0
+venus::ip route del default via 10.1.0.1 dev eth0
+venus::ip route add default via 10.1.0.5 dev eth0
+moon::iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules
+alice::iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules
+carol::iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules
+dave::iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules
+moon::cd /etc/swanctl; rm rsa/moonKey.pem x509/moonCert.pem
+alice::cd /etc/swanctl; rm rsa/aliceKey.pem x509/aliceCert.pem
+moon::systemctl start strongswan
+alice::systemctl start strongswan
+moon::sleep 2
+alice::echo "+1" > /var/run/charon.ha
+carol::systemctl start strongswan
+dave::systemctl start strongswan
+carol::expect-connection home
+dave::expect-connection home
+carol::swanctl --initiate --child home
+dave::swanctl --initiate --child home
diff --git a/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/test.conf b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/test.conf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43f8bbcc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive-multi-ke/test.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This configuration file provides information on the
+# guest instances used for this test
+
+# All guest instances that are required for this test
+#
+VIRTHOSTS="alice venus moon carol winnetou dave"
+
+# Corresponding block diagram
+#
+DIAGRAM="a-v-m-c-w-d.png"
+
+# Guest instances on which tcpdump is to be started
+#
+TCPDUMPHOSTS="venus carol dave"
+
+# Guest instances on which IPsec is started
+# Used for IPsec logging purposes
+#
+IPSECHOSTS="alice moon carol dave"
+
+# charon controlled by swanctl
+#
+SWANCTL=1
diff --git a/testing/tests/ha/active-passive/evaltest.dat b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive/evaltest.dat
index aa3576793..418cadf85 100644
--- a/testing/tests/ha/active-passive/evaltest.dat
+++ b/testing/tests/ha/active-passive/evaltest.dat
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ alice::swanctl --list-sas --ike-id 2 --raw 2> /dev/null::ha.*version=2 state=EST
alice::swanctl --list-sas --ike-id 3 --raw 2> /dev/null::rw.*version=2 state=ESTABLISHED local-host=192.168.0.5 local-port=4500 local-id=mars.strongswan.org remote-host=192.168.0.100 remote-port=4500 remote-id=carol@strongswan.org.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=CURVE_25519.*child-sas.*net.*reqid=2 state=INSTALLED mode=TUNNEL.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[10.1.0.0/16] remote-ts=\[192.168.0.100/32]::YES
alice::swanctl --list-sas --ike-id 4 --raw 2> /dev/null::rw.*version=2 state=ESTABLISHED local-host=192.168.0.5 local-port=4500 local-id=mars.strongswan.org remote-host=192.168.0.200 remote-port=4500 remote-id=dave@strongswan.org.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=CURVE_25519.*child-sas.*net.*reqid=3 state=INSTALLED mode=TUNNEL.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[10.1.0.0/16] remote-ts=\[192.168.0.200/32]::YES
moon::swanctl --list-sas --ike-id 1 --raw 2> /dev/null::ha.*version=2 state=ESTABLISHED local-host=10.1.0.1 local-port=500 local-id=10.1.0.1 remote-host=10.1.0.10 remote-port=500 remote-id=10.1.0.10.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=ECP_256.*child-sas.*ha.*reqid=1 state=INSTALLED mode=TRANSPORT.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[10.1.0.1/32\[icmp] 10.1.0.1/32\[udp/4510]] remote-ts=\[10.1.0.10/32\[icmp] 10.1.0.10/32\[udp/4510]]::YES
-moon::swanctl --list-sas --ike-id 1 --raw 2> /dev/null::ha.*version=2 state=ESTABLISHED local-host=10.1.0.1 local-port=500 local-id=10.1.0.1 remote-host=10.1.0.10 remote-port=500 remote-id=10.1.0.10.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=ECP_256.*child-sas.*ha.*reqid=1 state=INSTALLED mode=TRANSPORT.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[10.1.0.1/32\[icmp] 10.1.0.1/32\[udp/4510]] remote-ts=\[10.1.0.10/32\[icmp] 10.1.0.10/32\[udp/4510]]::YES
+moon::swanctl --list-sas --ike-id 2 --raw 2> /dev/null::ha.*version=2 state=ESTABLISHED local-host=10.1.0.1 local-port=500 local-id=10.1.0.1 remote-host=10.1.0.10 remote-port=500 remote-id=10.1.0.10.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=ECP_256.*child-sas.*ha.*reqid=1 state=INSTALLED mode=TRANSPORT.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[10.1.0.1/32\[icmp] 10.1.0.1/32\[udp/4510]] remote-ts=\[10.1.0.10/32\[icmp] 10.1.0.10/32\[udp/4510]]::YES
moon ::swanctl --list-sas --ike-id 3 --raw 2> /dev/null::rw.*version=2 state=PASSIVE local-host=192.168.0.5 local-port=4500 local-id=mars.strongswan.org remote-host=192.168.0.100 remote-port=4500 remote-id=carol@strongswan.org.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=CURVE_25519.*child-sas.*net.*reqid=2 state=INSTALLED mode=TUNNEL.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[10.1.0.0/16] remote-ts=\[192.168.0.100/32]::YES
moon ::swanctl --list-sas --ike-id 4 --raw 2> /dev/null::rw.*version=2 state=PASSIVE local-host=192.168.0.5 local-port=4500 local-id=mars.strongswan.org remote-host=192.168.0.200 remote-port=4500 remote-id=dave@strongswan.org.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=CURVE_25519.*child-sas.*net.*reqid=3 state=INSTALLED mode=TUNNEL.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[10.1.0.0/16] remote-ts=\[192.168.0.200/32]::YES
carol::swanctl --list-sas --raw 2> /dev/null::home.*version=2 state=ESTABLISHED local-host=192.168.0.100 local-port=4500 local-id=carol@strongswan.org remote-host=192.168.0.5 remote-port=4500 remote-id=mars.strongswan.org initiator=yes.*encr-alg=AES_CBC encr-keysize=128 integ-alg=HMAC_SHA2_256_128 prf-alg=PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256 dh-group=CURVE_25519.*child-sas.*home.*state=INSTALLED mode=TUNNEL.*ESP.*encr-alg=AES_GCM_16 encr-keysize=128.*local-ts=\[192.168.0.100/32] remote-ts=\[10.1.0.0/16]::YES